First of all, I realised how limited my knowledge of design history and certain important people who played or play an important role is. And since I believe that knowing the basics is necessary to be able to dive into a topic with confidence, the first thing I did after this session was to learn more about all the figures mentioned and their work and, so to speak, their main contribution to design or the area in which they specialised.

The first thing that was recommended was to read about how the tools were created and how we use them on a daily basis (so here are some short summary from my reading):

We often take everyday tools for granted, but each one has a fascinating history of innovation and problem-solving. Understanding how these tools were created helps us appreciate the thought behind their design and their role in shaping our daily interactions.

For example telephone. Invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, it revolutionized communication by making real-time conversation possible over long distances. What started as a simple voice transmission device evolved into the smartphone—a tool we now use not just for calls, but for messaging, browsing, and even design work.

Computer mouse, first developed at Xerox PARC in the 1960s. It introduced a more intuitive way to interact with digital interfaces, leading to the graphical user interfaces (GUIs) we use today on our computers and smartphones.

Even something as simple as the keyboard has a long history, originating from typewriters in the 19th century. The QWERTY layout, designed to prevent typewriters from jamming, still shapes the way we type today - even on touchscreens.

Reflecting on these tools makes me realize how design decisions from decades (or centuries) ago still influence the way we interact with technology today.

Parametric Design - a design method in which features, such as building elements and engineering components, are shaped based on algorithmic processes rather than direct manipulation. Is used in wide range of design fields, because it provides new unpredictable idesas with a future styles

William Morris - known for his influence on the Arts and Crafts Movement, Morris believed that design should be both beautiful and functional, rejecting mass production in favor of handcrafted quality.

His intricate textile patterns and wallpapers weren’t just about aesthetics—they reflected his belief that everyday objects should be thoughtfully designed for people. Morris’ philosophy reminds me that good design isn’t just about technology—it’s about improving the human experience. Whether crafting a physical object or designing a digital interface, the goal is the same: to create something meaningful, useful, and well-crafted.

Josef Albers “Interaction of color” - his work is incredibly relevant to interaction design today. In digital interfaces, color influences readability, accessibility, and user emotions. For example, contrast affects usability, and color choices can guide users' attention in UI/UX design. Albers’ ideas made me reflect on how interaction design isn’t just about functionality—it’s about perception. Just like color changes depending on context, the way users experience digital products is shaped by how elements interact. This reminds me to think critically about visual hierarchy, contrast, and color psychology in my own design work

Anni Albers - a key figure in the Bauhaus movement, Albers revolutionized textile design by blending traditional weaving techniques with modern, functional aesthetics. She saw textiles not just as decoration but as a form of communication and interaction - a concept that resonates with digital design today. Albers’ work reminds me that materials matter - whether in physical or digital design. Understanding how users interact with a medium, whether it's fabric or a touchscreen, is key to creating meaningful, functional designs.

John Cage - the pioneering composer and artist. Cage is best known for his avant-garde compositions, especially his piece 4'33", where performers remain silent for four minutes and thirty-three seconds. This radical approach challenged the very definition of music and sound.